Melanotaenium endogenum (Unger) de Bary
(Bedstraw Smut)

Interactions where Melanotaenium endogenum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live stem			Asperula	woodruffs	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Asperula/	Asperula	woodruffs	?	live	stem				(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live leaf (base)			Asperula	woodruffs	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Asperula/	Asperula	woodruffs	?	live	leaf (base)				(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live shoot			Asperula	woodruffs	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Asperula/	Asperula	woodruffs	?	live	shoot				(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live leaf (base)			Galium mollugo	Hedge Bedstraw	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		live	leaf (base)		Minor		(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live stem			Galium mollugo	Hedge Bedstraw	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		live	stem		Minor		(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live shoot			Galium mollugo	Hedge Bedstraw	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		live	shoot		Minor		(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live leaf (base)			Galium verum	Lady’s Bedstraw	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium verum/	Galium verum	lady’s bedstraw		live	leaf (base)		Major		(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live shoot			Galium verum	Lady’s Bedstraw	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium verum/	Galium verum	lady’s bedstraw		live	shoot		Major		(6-7)
sorus (embedded)		embedded sorus causes swelling of live stem			Galium verum	Lady’s Bedstraw	Gentianales: Rubiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut		embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium verum/	Galium verum	lady’s bedstraw		live	stem		Major		(6-7)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	Melanotaenium endogenum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1094.

Melanotaenium endogenum (Bedstraw Smut) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Melanotaenium endogenum (Bedstraw Smut) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Melanotaenium endogenum (Bedstraw Smut)
Genus	Melanotaenium (a genus of smut fungi)
Family	MELANOTAENIACEAE (a family of smut fungi)
Order	USTILAGINALES (an order of smut fungi)
Subclass	USTILAGINOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of smut fungi)
Class	USTILAGINOMYCETES (smut fungi and relatives)
Subphylum	USTILAGINOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Melanotaenium endogenum is also a member of:
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ustilaginomycetes)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Melanotaenium endogenum (Bedstraw Smut)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Mordue, J.E.M.	1991	Melanotaenium endogenum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1094.

Melanotaenium endogenum (Bedstraw Smut) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

USTILAGINALES
(an order of smut fungi)

USTILAGINOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of smut fungi)

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Ingold, C.T.	1988	Ballistospores in Melanotaenium endogenum	TBMS Vol 91 (4): 712-714.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Melanotaenium endogenum (Bedstraw Smut):

USTILAGINALES
(an order of smut fungi)

USTILAGINOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of smut fungi)

USTILAGINOMYCETES
(smut fungi and relatives)

USTILAGINOMYCOTINA
(a subphylum of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Rare

VU/D2

Rarely recorded in recent years but apparently widespread, at least formerly. Many records were coastal or sand dunes.

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