Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch
(Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle)

Interactions where Araucaria araucana is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
(live)		live is parasitised by aecium			Mikronegeria fagi	Southern Beech Rust Fungus	Pucciniales: Mikronegeriaceae	The Rust Fungi of the British Isles: A Guide to Identification by their Host Plants, Henderson, D.M., 2004	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Mikronegeriaceae/Mikronegeria fagi/	Mikronegeria fagi	southern beech rust fungus				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		live						aecium parasitises live
leaf (dead, attached)		dead, attached leaf is decayed by immersed, becoming erumpent perithecium			Melanospora longisetosa	an ascomycete	Melanosporales: Ceratostomataceae	Melanospora pegleri, a new species from fallen Laurus and other leaves in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., Henrici, A. & Kirk, P.M., 1999	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Melanosporales/Ceratostomataceae/Melanospora longisetosa/	Melanospora longisetosa	an ascomycete		immersed, becoming erumpent		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, attached	leaf			Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally induced		immersed, becoming erumpent perithecium is saprobic on dead, attached leaf
scale (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen scale is decayed by scattered, immersed then erumpent by minute slit pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph			Phoma araucariae	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma araucariae/	Phoma araucariae	a coelomycete		scattered, immersed then erumpent by minute slit	pycnidium	Phoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, fallen	scale		Sole			scattered, immersed then erumpent by minute slit pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen scale
scale (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen scale is decayed by hysterothecium			Mytilinidion mytilinellum	an ascomycete	Mytilinidiales: Mytilinidiaceae	New or critical Fungi from the Highlands and Islands, Dennis, R.W.G., 1980	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Mytilinidiales/Mytilinidiaceae/Mytilinidion mytilinellum/	Mytilinidion mytilinellum	an ascomycete				hysterothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, fallen	scale				(10-11)	hysterothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen scale
scale (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen scale is decayed by scattered, immersed then erumpent by pore or slit, amphigenous, often imperfectly developed pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph			Phomopsis araucariae	a coelomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Phomopsis araucariae/	Phomopsis araucariae	a coelomycete		scattered, immersed then erumpent by pore or slit, amphigenous, often imperfectly developed	pycnidium	Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, fallen	scale		Sole		(4)	scattered, immersed then erumpent by pore or slit, amphigenous, often imperfectly developed pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen scale
trunk (large) (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody			Ischnoderma benzoinum	Benzoin Bracket	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Ischnoderma benzoinum/	Ischnoderma benzoinum	benzoin bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, fallen	trunk (large)					fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen trunk (large)
trunk (dead)		dead trunk is decayed by fruitbody			Ganoderma adspersum	Southern Bracket	Polyporales: Ganodermataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma adspersum/	Ganoderma adspersum	southern bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead	trunk					fruitbody is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead)		dead trunk is decayed by fruitbody			Ganoderma applanatum	Artist’s Bracket	Polyporales: Ganodermataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma applanatum/	Ganoderma applanatum	artist's bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead	trunk		Minor			fruitbody is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (live)		live trunk is parasitised by fruitbody			Ganoderma adspersum	Southern Bracket	Polyporales: Ganodermataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma adspersum/	Ganoderma adspersum	southern bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		live	trunk					fruitbody parasitises live trunk
trunk (live)		live trunk is parasitised by fruitbody			Ganoderma applanatum	Artist’s Bracket	Polyporales: Ganodermataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma applanatum/	Ganoderma applanatum	artist's bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		live	trunk		Minor			fruitbody parasitises live trunk
wood (dead, decayed)		dead, decayed wood is decayed by basidiome			Ceraceomyces tessulatus	a resupinate fungus	Amylocorticiales: Amylocorticiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Amylocorticiales/Amylocorticiaceae/Ceraceomyces tessulatus/	Ceraceomyces tessulatus	a resupinate fungus				basidiome	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, decayed	wood		Minor			basidiome is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)		dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody			Ischnoderma benzoinum	Benzoin Bracket	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Ischnoderma benzoinum/	Ischnoderma benzoinum	benzoin bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, decayed	wood					fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)		dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody			Bjerkandera adusta	Smoky Bracket	Polyporales: Meruliaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Bjerkandera adusta/	Bjerkandera adusta	smoky bracket				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Araucariaceae/Araucaria araucana/	Araucaria araucana	monkey puzzle, monkey-puzzle		dead, decayed	wood		Minor			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood

Author & Year	Title	Source
Dennis, R.W.G., 1980	New or critical Fungi from the Highlands and Islands	Kew Bulletin vol 35 (2): 343-361.
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hawksworth, D.L., Henrici, A. & Kirk, P.M., 1999	Melanospora pegleri, a new species from fallen Laurus and other leaves in the British Isles	Kew Bulletin Vol 54 (3): 795-799.
Henderson, D.M., 2004	The Rust Fungi of the British Isles: A Guide to Identification by their Host Plants	35pp, British Mycological Society
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Introduced conifers
(conifers grown in Britain, but not native)

Evergreen trees and shrubs
(evergreens)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle)
Family	ARAUCARIACEAE (monkey puzzle)
Order	PINALES (conifers)
Class	PINOPSIDA (conifers)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle)

Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle):

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 13 images of Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle, Monkey-puzzle)

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