Sonchus arvensis L.
(Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle)

Interactions where Sonchus arvensis is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diplodina sonchi a coelomycete Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Diplodina sonchi/Diplodina sonchia coelomycetepycnidiumDiplodina coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistle (8)pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
(live) live has sap sucked by Foreign Hyperomyzus lactucae Currant-sowthistle Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Hyperomyzus (Hyperomyzus) lactucae/Hyperomyzus (Hyperomyzus) lactucaecurrant-sowthistle aphid Foodplant / sap suckerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlelive sucks sap of live
(live) live is parasitised by UK/Ireland Golovinomyces cichoracearum a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/Golovinomyces cichoracearuma powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlelive parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by uredium Coleosporium tussilaginis a rust fungus Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium tussilaginis/Coleosporium tussilaginisa rust fungusuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlelive uredium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by telium Coleosporium tussilaginis a rust fungus Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium tussilaginis/Coleosporium tussilaginisa rust fungustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlelive telium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlelive pycnium parasitises live
capitulum capitulum may contain larva ForeignQuestionable Campiglossa producta a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Campiglossa producta/Campiglossa productaa gall flylarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistle?capitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/Ireland Ensina sonchi Sow-thistle Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Ensina sonchi/Ensina sonchisow-thistle flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum is swollen by larva Foreign Tephritis dilacerata (A Gall Fly) Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis dilacerata/Tephritis dilacerata(a gall fly)larva Foodplant / false gallForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlecapitulum larva causes swelling of capitulum
capitulum capitulum is swollen by larva UK/Ireland Tephritis formosa a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis formosa/Tephritis formosaa gall flylarva Foodplant / false gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlecapitulum larva causes swelling of capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva ForeignQuestionable Trupanea amoena a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Trupanea amoena/Trupanea amoenaa gall flylarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistle?capitulum larva feeds within capitulum
leaf (esp. basal) (live) live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungushypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleliveleaf (esp. basal) hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf (esp. basal)
leaf (esp. basal) (live) live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by uredinoid, amphigenous aecium Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungusuredinoid, amphigenousaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleliveleaf (esp. basal) uredinoid, amphigenous aecium parasitises live leaf (esp. basal)
leaf (esp. basal) (live) live leaf (esp. basal) is parasitised by hypophyllous telium Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungushypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleliveleaf (esp. basal) hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf (esp. basal)
leaf leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva Restricted Tenthredo neobesa a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Tenthredo neobesa/Tenthredo neobesaa sawflynocturnallarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleleafSole nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by sporangium UK/IrelandRare Bremia lactucae s. lat. Lettuce Downy Mildew Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002
 /Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Bremia lactucae s. lat./Bremia lactucae s. lat.lettuce downy mildewsporangium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleliveleafRare (9-10)sporangium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foreign Mycosphaerella hieracii an ascomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella hieracii/Mycosphaerella hieraciian ascomyceteamphigenouscolonyRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleliveleaf amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by Spermosporina anamorph Foreign Spermosporina sonchi-oleracei an anamorphic ascomycete Plectosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Plectosphaerellaceae/Spermosporina sonchi-oleracei/Spermosporina sonchi-oleraceian anamorphic ascomyceteSpermosporina anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistleliveleaf Spermosporina anamorph causes spots on live leaf
stem (live) live stem is parasitised by telium Miyagia pseudosphaeria a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Miyagia pseudosphaeria/Miyagia pseudosphaeriaa rust fungustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Sonchus arvensis/Sonchus arvensisperennial milk-thistle, perennial sow-thistlelivestem telium parasitises live stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Benson, R.B., 1952Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Braun, U., 1995Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fjelddalen, J., 1964Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F., 2002A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles33pp, British Mycological Society
White, I.M., 1988Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesSonchus arvensis (Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle)
GenusSonchus (sow thistles)
TribeLactuceae (“dandelions”)
SubfamilyLACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
FamilyASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
OrderASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle)

Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 23 images of Sonchus arvensis (Perennial Milk-thistle, Perennial Sow-thistle)
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