Primula L.
(cowslips and primroses)

Interactions where Primula is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is associate of Otiorhynchus porcatus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Otiorhynchus porcatus/Otiorhynchus porcatusa weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroses is associated with
is foodplant of Phyllobius viridicollis Green Nettle Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Phyllobius viridicollis/Phyllobius viridicollisgreen nettle weevil Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroses feeds on
has sap sucked by Myzus persicae Peach-potato Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae/Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicaepeach-potato aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroses sucks sap of
(live) live is parasitised by telium Foreign Puccinia primulae Primrose Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia primulae/Puccinia primulaeprimrose rusttelium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroseslive (summer)telium parasitises live
bud (live, distorted) live, distorted bud has sap sucked by Captivity Aulacorthum circumflexum Mottled Arum Aphid, Crescent-marked Lily Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexummottled arum aphid, crescent-marked lily aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroseslive, distortedbud Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedsucks sap of live, distorted bud
flower (live, distorted) live, distorted flower has sap sucked by Captivity Aulacorthum circumflexum Mottled Arum Aphid, Crescent-marked Lily Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexummottled arum aphid, crescent-marked lily aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroseslive, distortedflower Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedsucks sap of live, distorted flower
leaf-mine leaf-mine may house puparium Restricted Chromatomyia primulae a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia primulae/Chromatomyia primulaea leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesleaf-mineSole puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf leaf is mined by larva Restricted Chromatomyia primulae a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia primulae/Chromatomyia primulaea leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesleafSole larva mines leaf
leaf (live, distorted) live, distorted leaf has sap sucked by Captivity Aulacorthum circumflexum Mottled Arum Aphid, Crescent-marked Lily Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexummottled arum aphid, crescent-marked lily aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroseslive, distortedleaf Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedsucks sap of live, distorted leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by numerous, epiphyllous, usually empty pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phyllosticta primulicola a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta primulicola/Phyllosticta primulicolaa coelomycetenumerous, epiphyllous, usually emptypycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesliveleaf (spring, autumn)numerous, epiphyllous, usually empty pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium Foreign Puccinia primulae Primrose Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia primulae/Puccinia primulaeprimrose rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesliveleaf (summer)hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by hypophyllous aecium Foreign Puccinia primulae Primrose Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia primulae/Puccinia primulaeprimrose rusthypophyllousaecium Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesliveleaf (spring)hypophyllous aecium causes spots on live leaf
root root is grazed by subterranean larva Major Otiorhynchus sulcatus Vine Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Otiorhynchus sulcatus/Otiorhynchus sulcatusvine weevilsubterraneanlarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesrootMajor subterranean larva grazes on root
root (brown-cored) brown-cored root may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Phytophthora primulae Primula Brown-core Root Rot - causative organism Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Brown core root rot of Primula caused by Phytophthora primulae n.sp., Tomlinson, J.A., 1952
 /Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora primulae/Phytophthora primulaePrimula brown-core root rot (causative organism) Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesbrown-coredroot infects and damages brown-cored root
rootstock rootstock is foodplant of larva Cheilosia antiqua a hoverfly Diptera: Syrphidae Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Cheilosia antiqua/Cheilosia antiquaa hoverflylarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primrosesrootstock larva feeds on rootstock
stem (live, distorted) live, distorted stem has sap sucked by Captivity Aulacorthum circumflexum Mottled Arum Aphid, Crescent-marked Lily Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum/Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexummottled arum aphid, crescent-marked lily aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Primulaceae/Primula/Primulacowslips and primroseslive, distortedstem Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedsucks sap of live, distorted stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Morris, M.G., 1997Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Rotheray, G.E., 1993Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and EuropeDiperists Digest Dipterists Digest No. 9.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Tomlinson, J.A., 1952Brown core root rot of Primula caused by Phytophthora primulae n.sp.TBMS Vol 35 (3): 221-235, IN4-5.

Primula (cowslips and primroses) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Primula auricula
Auricula
Species 2 trophisms
Primula elatior
Oxlip
Species 7 trophisms 2 references
Primula farinosa
Bird’s-eye Primrose
Species 1 trophisms
Primula japonica
Japanese Cowslip
Species 1 trophisms
Primula juliae x vulgaris (P. ’Wanda’)
a primrose
Species hybrid 1 trophisms
Primula malacoides
a house plant
Species 2 trophisms
Primula scotica
Scottish Primrose
Species 1 references
Primula veris
Cowslip
Species 13 trophisms
Primula veris x vulgaris = P. x polyantha
false oxlip
Species hybrid 1 subtaxa 9 trophisms
Primula vulgaris
Primrose
Species 22 trophisms 1 references
Primula vulgaris x elatior = P. x digenea
a primrose
Species hybrid 1 references
[Primula sp. cult.]
garden primulas
Informal 3 subtaxa 12 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusPrimula (cowslips and primroses)
FamilyPRIMULACEAE (primroses, loosestrifes and pimpernels)
OrderERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Primula (cowslips and primroses)

Primula (cowslips and primroses) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Primula (cowslips and primroses):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 203 images of Primula (cowslips and primroses)
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