Papaver L.
(poppies)

Interactions where Papaver is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
capsule		capsule is galled by			Dasineura papaveris	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Dasineura papaveris/	Dasineura papaveris	a gall midge					Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies			capsule					causes gall of capsule
capsule (live, swollen)		live, swollen capsule is galled by larva			Aylax papaveris	a gall wasp	Hymenoptera: Cynipidae	Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls), Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Aylax papaveris/	Aylax papaveris	a gall wasp				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies		live, swollen	capsule					larva causes gall of live, swollen capsule
leaf (basal) (live)		live leaf (basal) is spotted by immersed sorus			Entyloma fuscum	a smut fungus	Entylomatales: Entylomataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Entylomatales/Entylomataceae/Entyloma fuscum/	Entyloma fuscum	a smut fungus		immersed		sorus	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies		live	leaf (basal)				(5-7)	immersed sorus causes spots on live leaf (basal)
leaf-mine (end of)		leaf-mine (end of) may house puparium			Chromatomyia horticola	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia horticola/	Chromatomyia horticola	a leaf-mining fly				puparium	Plant / resting place / within		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies			leaf-mine (end of)					puparium may be found in leaf-mine (end of)
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Chromatomyia horticola	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	A Provisional Atlas of The Leaf Miners of Warwickshire, with notes on others occurring in the Midlands, Robbins, R., 1990 Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia horticola/	Chromatomyia horticola	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies			leaf		Major			larva mines leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is mined by larva (early)			Stenocarus ruficornis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	A Provisional Atlas of The Leaf Miners of Warwickshire, with notes on others occurring in the Midlands, Robbins, R., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Stenocarus ruficornis/	Stenocarus ruficornis	a weevil				larva (early)	Foodplant / miner		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies		live	leaf				(early summer)	larva (early) mines live leaf
ovules		ovules is galled by larva			Aylax minor	a gall wasp	Hymenoptera: Cynipidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Aylax minor/	Aylax minor	a gall wasp				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies			ovules		Sole			larva causes gall of ovules
rootstock (live)		live rootstock may contain larva (later)			Stenocarus ruficornis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	A Provisional Atlas of The Leaf Miners of Warwickshire, with notes on others occurring in the Midlands, Robbins, R., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Stenocarus ruficornis/	Stenocarus ruficornis	a weevil				larva (later)	Foodplant / internal feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies		live	rootstock				(early summer)	larva (later) feeds within live rootstock
shoot (often stunted, curled)		often stunted, curled shoot has sap sucked by densely clustered			Aphis fabae	Black Bean Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aphis (Aphis) fabae/	Aphis (Aphis) fabae	black bean aphid		densely clustered			Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Papaveraceae/Papaver/	Papaver	poppies		often stunted, curled	shoot		Major		(summer)	densely clustered sucks sap of often stunted, curled shoot

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963	Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VIII, Part 1 (a), 81pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Robbins, R., 1990	A Provisional Atlas of The Leaf Miners of Warwickshire, with notes on others occurring in the Midlands	Benchmark Atlas Series, 1991? edition, 181pp, Warwickshire Museum Service
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Papaver (poppies) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Papaver alpinum a garden poppy				Species		1 trophisms
Papaver argemone Prickly Poppy				Species		2 trophisms
Papaver dubium Long-headed Poppy				Species	2 subtaxa	6 trophisms	1 references
Papaver glaucum Tulip Poppy				Species		1 trophisms
Papaver hybridum Rough Poppy				Species		1 trophisms
Papaver nudicaule Iceland Poppy				Species		1 trophisms
Papaver orientale Oriental Poppy				Species		5 trophisms
Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy, Flanders Poppy				Species		12 trophisms
Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy				Species	1 subtaxa	7 trophisms
[Papaver sp. cult.] cultivated poppies				Informal	5 subtaxa	12 trophisms

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Papaver (poppies)
Subfamily	PAPAVEROIDEAE (poppies)
Family	PAPAVERACEAE (poppies and fumitories)
Order	RANUNCULALES (buttercups, poppies and barberries)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Papaver is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Papaveraceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Papaver (poppies)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
Vegetative
	Anon		Papaver	Yeo, P.F. Acaena, taxa with spherical heads, Plant Crib 2012

Papaver (poppies) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PAPAVEROIDEAE
(poppies)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Papaver (poppies):

PAPAVEROIDEAE
(poppies)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 92 images of Papaver (poppies)

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