Exidia nucleata (Schwein.) Burt
(Crystal Brain)

Interactions where Exidia nucleata is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Hedera helix	Ivy	Apiales: Araliaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Araliaceae/Hedera helix/	Hedera helix	ivy		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Ilex aquifolium	Holly	Aquifoliales: Aquifoliaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem			Arctium	burdocks	Asterales: Asteraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Arctium/	Arctium	burdocks		dead	stem		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Laburnum anagyroides	Laburnum	Fabales: Fabaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Laburnum anagyroides/	Laburnum anagyroides	laburnum		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Corylus	hazels	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/	Corylus	hazels		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Fraxinus	ashes	Lamiales: Oleaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Oleaceae/Fraxinus/	Fraxinus	ashes		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Salix	willows	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix/	Salix	willows		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Tilia	limes	Malvales: Malvaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malvales/Malvaceae/Tilia/	Tilia	limes		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Platanus	plane trees	Proteales: Platanaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Proteales/Platanaceae/Platanus/	Platanus	plane trees		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem			Clematis vitalba	Traveller’s Joy, Traveller’s-joy	Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Clematis vitalba/	Clematis vitalba	traveller’s joy, traveller's-joy		dead	stem		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Ulmus	elms	Rosales: Ulmaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus/	Ulmus	elms		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			Acer pseudoplatanus	Sycamore, Great Maple	Sapindales: Sapindaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Acer pseudoplatanus/	Acer pseudoplatanus	sycamore, great maple		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood

Interactions where Exidia nucleata is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		basidiome is endoparasitised by basidiome			Tulasnella danica	a basidiomycete fungus	Cantharellales: Tulasnellaceae	Allantoid-spored Tulasnella species from Devon, Roberts, P., 1993	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Cantharellales/Tulasnellaceae/Tulasnella danica/	Tulasnella danica	a basidiomycete fungus				basidiome	Fungus / parasite / endoparasite		Foreign	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain				basidiome				basidiome endoparasitises basidiome
hymenium (live)		live hymenium of basidiome is parasitised by basidiome			Zygogloea gemellipara	a pucciniomycete	Platygloeales: Platygloeaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Platygloeales/Platygloeaceae/Zygogloea gemellipara/	Zygogloea gemellipara	a pucciniomycete				basidiome	Fungus / parasite			/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain		live	hymenium	basidiome				basidiome parasitises live hymenium of basidiome

Author & Year	Title	Source
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Roberts, P., 1993	Allantoid-spored Tulasnella species from Devon	Mycol. Res. Vol 97 (02): 213-220.

Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain)
Genus	Exidia (brain fungi)
Family	AURICULARIACEAE (a family of jelly fungi)
Order	AURICULARIALES (an order of jelly fungi)
Subclass	AGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Exidia nucleata is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Auriculariaceae)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Ingold, C.T.	1985	An extended view of the basidium	Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 19 (2): 127-129.
	Ingold, C.T.	1984	Myxarium nucleatum and its conidial state	TBMS Vol 83 (2): 358-360.
	Reid, D.A.	1970	New or Interesting records of British Hymenomycetes. IV	TBMS Vol 55 (3): 413-441.
	Roberts, P.	2006		Personal Communication
	Roberts, P.	2006		Personal Communication

Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Exidia
(brain fungi)

AURICULARIALES
(an order of jelly fungi)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Ingold, C.T.	1998	Ballistosporic basidia	Mycologist Vol 12 (2): 50-52.
Ingold, C.T.	1993	Phialide-like conidial apparatus in heterobasidiomycetes	Mycologist Vol 07 (3): 106-107.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain):

Exidia
(brain fungi)

AURICULARIALES
(an order of jelly fungi)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 8 images of Exidia nucleata (Crystal Brain)

A transparent, yellowish or colourless, jelly fungus containing white calcareous lumps. It dries to a shiny crust, hardly visible except for the white granules. Very common, on rotten branches of frondose trees, especially poplar (Populus).

Creative Commons License

This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)