Epichloe festucae Leuchtm., Schardl & M.R. Siegel
(Fescue Choke)

Interactions where Epichloe festucae is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
stroma		stroma parasitises stem			Festuca	fescue grasses	Poales: Poaceae	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects, Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca/	Festuca	fescue grasses			stem
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca gigantea	Giant Fescue	Poales: Poaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca gigantea/	Festuca gigantea	giant fescue	?		stem				(fertile in 8)
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca glauca sens.str.		Poales: Poaceae	Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca glauca sens.str./	Festuca glauca sens.str.				stem
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca heterophylla	Various-leaved Fescue	Poales: Poaceae	Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca heterophylla/	Festuca heterophylla	various-leaved fescue			stem
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca longifolia	Blue Fescue	Poales: Poaceae	Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca longifolia/	Festuca longifolia	blue fescue			stem
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca ovina	Sheep’s-fescue	Poales: Poaceae	Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca ovina/	Festuca ovina	sheep's-fescue			stem
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca rubra agg.	red fescues	Poales: Poaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca rubra agg./	Festuca rubra agg.	red fescues			stem				(fertile in 8)
stroma		stroma causes gall of stem			Festuca rubra sens.str.	Red Fescue	Poales: Poaceae	Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Festuca rubra sens.str./	Festuca rubra sens.str.	red fescue			stem
stroma		stroma parasitises stem			Koeleria	hair-grasses	Poales: Poaceae	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects, Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe festucae/	Epichloe festucae	fescue choke				stroma	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Koeleria/	Koeleria	hair-grasses			stem

Author & Year	Title	Source
Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects	Fungal Biology Reviews Vol 22 (3-4): 131-138.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	Epichloë in Britain	Mycologist Vol 19 (2): 82-87.

Epichloe festucae (Fescue Choke) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Epichloe
(chokes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Epichloe festucae (Fescue Choke) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Epichloe
(chokes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Epichloe festucae (Fescue Choke)
Genus	Epichloe (chokes)
Family	CLAVICIPITACEAE (a family of pyrenomycetes)
Order	HYPOCREALES (an order of ascomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	SORDARIOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of ascomycetes and lichens)
Class	SORDARIOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Epichloe festucae is also a member of:
Pyrenomycetes - charcoal fungi (via Sordariomycetes)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Epichloe festucae (Fescue Choke)

Epichloe festucae (Fescue Choke) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Epichloe
(chokes)

HYPOCREALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Epichloe festucae (Fescue Choke):

Epichloe
(chokes)

CLAVICIPITACEAE
(a family of pyrenomycetes)

HYPOCREALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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